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Starter guide

Braille

Sixty-three dot patterns, one pocket tool, and a code you read with your fingers.

Braille is a writing system built from cells of up to six raised dots, read by touch. You can learn the alphabet today with nothing but a free online course, and start writing it for the price of a paperback: a pocket-sized slate and a stylus punch dots into heavy paper one at a time. People pick it up because their sight is changing, because someone they love reads it, or because a compact tactile code is simply satisfying to crack. Within a month you can be labeling your spice jars, writing notes a blind friend can read, and picking out the dots on elevator buttons and signs you used to walk past.

Difficulty
Moderate learning curve
Startup cost
$25-$110
First result
Your name punched in readable braille in your first session
Kit total$0.00
01

How the code works

The cell

Two columns of three dots. The left column is numbered 1, 2, 3 from the top and the right column 4, 5, 6. Every character is some combination of those six positions.

The first ten letters

A through j use only the top four dots. Learn these and you have learned the pattern behind everything else.

The next rows

K through t are a through j with dot 3 added. u, v, x, y and z add dots 3 and 6. The letter w breaks the pattern because French, the language braille was invented for, did not use it.

Numbers

A number sign (dots 3, 4, 5, 6) in front of a through j turns them into 1 through 0.

Capitals

A single dot 6 in front of a letter makes it a capital.

Uncontracted and contracted

Uncontracted braille spells every word letter by letter. Contracted braille, used in almost all books and signs, adds about 180 shortcuts for common words and letter groups. Start uncontracted.

A gray surface covered edge to edge in lines of raised braille dots
Line after line of raised dots
A white panel of braille text mounted on a dark wall, the rows of dots catching the light
02

Your first two weeks

Tick each step when it is done

What you can write in your first month

A name card

Your own name on an index card, the first thing nearly everyone writes.

An alphabet strip

All 26 letters in one row, which doubles as your own reference card.

A bookmark with a short quotation

One line of text is enough to practice spacing and capitals.

A birthday card

A short message in dots under the print, readable by a braille reader.

A set of pantry labels

One or two words each, the most useful thing braille does around a house.

03

Choosing and using a slate

What to check before you buy, and before each session

Size

A pocket slate with four lines of 28 cells is the standard first slate. It fits an index card and a coat pocket. Full-page slates are for long writing and can wait.

Material

Plastic slates cost less and work fine. Metal ones keep their alignment for decades. Check that the hinge closes squarely, because a twisted slate punches crooked cells.

Stylus

A rounded or saddle-shaped handle that sits in the crook of your index finger is easier on the hand than a thin straight one.

Writing is mirrored

You punch from the back of the paper, so you write right to left and each cell is flipped. Dot 1 is at the top right of the window while you write and the top left when you read.

Before each session

Check that the paper is square against the hinge and pressed onto all the pins. Loose paper is the usual cause of wandering lines.

Pressure

Firm and vertical. Too light gives dots a finger cannot find. Angled punches tear the paper.

A brushed steel elevator panel, each floor number on a black plate with braille dots beneath it
04

Where braille can take you

Open one to see where to start

Reading by touchThe long game. Building fingertip sensitivity and speed until you can read a page without looking.

Start here

Print or request a free alphabet card, close your eyes, and track a single line of letters with both index fingers. Five minutes a day of touch practice beats one long weekly session.

Writing by handSlate and stylus notes, cards and letters. Everything in the base kit serves this.

Start here

Clamp an index card in your slate and punch the letters a to j ten times each, writing right to left. Flip the card after each row and read it back.

Home LabelingMarking spices, medications, files, appliance buttons and anything else that is hard to tell apart.

Start here

Pick the ten things in your kitchen you reach for most and label them this week. Stick each label where your finger lands first when you pick the item up.

Tactile GamesCards and other games marked in braille, which give you reading practice that does not feel like drilling.

Start here

Deal a hand of solitaire with a braille deck and name each card by touch before you turn it face up.

TranscriptionTurning print books into braille for readers who need them, as a certified volunteer or a paid transcriber.

Start here

Finish a full contracted braille course first, then read the entry requirements for the national literary transcriber course.

05

What trips beginners up

What to expect, and the habits to drop

  1. Reading by touch is much slower to develop than knowing the code. Most sighted adults memorize the alphabet in a week or two and need months before their fingers can read a line.
  2. Mirror writing feels wrong for the first few days. Thinking in dot numbers instead of shapes makes it settle.
  3. Reversals are normal: d and f, e and i, h and j are mirror pairs and everyone swaps them at first.
  4. Do not learn only by looking. If you want to read by touch, read every line you punch with your eyes closed from day one.
  5. Do not scrub your finger up and down over a cell. Glide lightly left to right and let the dots pass under the pad of the finger.
  6. Do not jump to contractions early. Shortcuts learned before the alphabet is automatic get confused with letters.
  7. Do not judge your dots on thin paper. Printer paper is easy to punch, but its dots flatten after a few passes. Move to heavy paper for anything you plan to read by touch.
A blue sign on a station pillar reading Hearing Augmented Area, with a line of braille dots under the print
Print above, braille beneath
06

Where to learn and who to ask

The free online courses cover the code itself. For touch reading, nothing replaces a person: local chapters of blind-led organizations run braille groups and will pair you with someone who reads daily, and state libraries for the blind lend braille books by mail to eligible readers. If you are sighted and learning for a family member or a student, say so when you get in touch. Sighted learners are welcome and common.

Two hands resting on a refreshable braille display, a row of pins along its front edge, with a computer keyboard behind
Reading a refreshable braille display
07

Why the kit is this small

Braille is one of the cheapest skills to equip. A slate, a stylus and a pack of heavy paper cover writing completely, and a raised alphabet reference gives your fingers real dots to read while you learn. The labeling and games lines are add-ons for the two things most people end up doing with braille at home. A mechanical braille writer, the typewriter-style machine used in schools, costs many times more than this whole kit and is worth considering only once you write pages at a time.

A red and a blue door button on a yellow panel, each ringed with raised braille dots
Braille on a pair of door buttons
08

Load the slate

Compare the options on each line, then set your tiers and check out from the cart. Clicking a card selects it there. The slate, the paper, the alphabet reference and the instruction book start in the kit. The labeling lines and the playing cards stay out until you switch them on in section 04 or with the chips in the cart.

Braille slate and stylus

essential · Core equipment

This is the pen of braille. The hinged slate holds the paper and guides the stylus so every dot lands in the right place in its cell.

budget
4 Lines 28 Cells Braille Writing Slate with Stylus

4 Lines 28 Cells Braille Writing Slate with Stylus

4.5(245)

$12.00

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mid-range
Easy to Use Metal Braille Standard Slate with Stylus for the Blind, Visually Impaired and Sighted - The Braille Superstore and Blind in Mind

Easy to Use Metal Braille Standard Slate with Stylus for the Blind, Visually Impaired and Sighted - The Braille Superstore and Blind in Mind

4.4(44)

$12.95

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premium
Frienda 2 Pack Braille Slate and Stylus Kit, 4 Lines 28 Cells, Green

Frienda 2 Pack Braille Slate and Stylus Kit, 4 Lines 28 Cells, Green

4.7(660)

$15.99

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A four-line, 28-cell pocket slate is the usual first one. Make sure the listing includes a stylus. Some kits hold two slates, handy if you are learning with someone.

Braille paper

essential · Consumables

Heavy paper holds a crisp dot that survives being read many times. Dots punched in ordinary printer paper flatten after a few passes of a finger.

budget
The Braille Store 100 Sheets Heavy Weight 8.5x11 in. White Braille Paper For Slates or Braillewriters

The Braille Store 100 Sheets Heavy Weight 8.5x11 in. White Braille Paper For Slates or Braillewriters

4.4(84)

$12.95

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mid-range
jakilee 100 Sheets Blank Braille Paper, 8.5 x 11 Inch Thick Paper

jakilee 100 Sheets Blank Braille Paper, 8.5 x 11 Inch Thick Paper

4.5(9)

$17.59

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premium
Braille Paper 500 Sheets, Lightweight Paper - 70 lb - No Holes

Braille Paper 500 Sheets, Lightweight Paper - 70 lb - No Holes

4.2(24)

$29.90

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Thin paper is easier to punch, so a folded sheet of notebook paper is fine for your very first rows. Heavy index cards also fit a pocket slate.

Raised braille alphabet board or cards

recommended · Learning aids

Machine-embossed dots are sharper and more even than a beginner's own, so they are what your fingers should learn from first.

budget
Braille Alphabet Board, with Raised Dots Numbers & Punctuation (Horizontal)

Braille Alphabet Board, with Raised Dots Numbers & Punctuation (Horizontal)

4.8(144)

$9.59

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mid-range
Creative Escape Rooms Made in USA - Wood Braille Alphabet Board with Raised Dots - Great Montessori Educational Tool for All Ages - for Visually Impaired and Sighted

Creative Escape Rooms Made in USA - Wood Braille Alphabet Board with Raised Dots - Great Montessori Educational Tool for All Ages - for Visually Impaired and Sighted

4.4(174)

$13.88

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premium
Easy to Learn Braille Flash Cards, for The Blind and Visually Impaired, and Sighted - The Braille Superstore and Blind in Mind

Easy to Learn Braille Flash Cards, for The Blind and Visually Impaired, and Sighted - The Braille Superstore and Blind in Mind

3.5(38)

$18.95

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Check that the dots are actually raised, and check their size. Enlarged dots teach the patterns. Standard-size dots are what train your fingers for real braille.

Braille instruction book for beginners

recommended · Learning aids

A structured book gives you graded reading and writing exercises to follow once the alphabet is memorized, including the first contractions.

budget
Learn Braille: Uncontracted (Grade 1) & Contracted (Grade 2)

Learn Braille: Uncontracted (Grade 1) & Contracted (Grade 2)

4.4(424)

$9.99

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mid-range
How To Read and Write Braille Alphabet Letters & Numbers - Grade 1: Step By Step PRINTED Braille Language Workbook For Beginners-Not Including Contracted Braille Signs

How To Read and Write Braille Alphabet Letters & Numbers - Grade 1: Step By Step PRINTED Braille Language Workbook For Beginners-Not Including Contracted Braille Signs

4.4(288)

$13.99

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premium
The Guidebook for Learning Unified English Braille (UEB)

The Guidebook for Learning Unified English Braille (UEB)

5.0(2)

$43.66

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Most of these are ink-printed books that show the dots as pictures, so they teach the code by sight. Look for one that teaches Unified English Braille, the US standard since 2016.

Braille label maker

situational · Labeling · Home Labeling add-on

A dial-and-squeeze labeler embosses braille onto adhesive tape without mirror writing, which makes neat, durable labels quick to produce.

budget
Easy to Use Handheld Braille Only Manual Label-Maker, Labeler, for Organizing and Marking, for The Blind and Sighted - by Blind in Mind, The Braille Superstore

Easy to Use Handheld Braille Only Manual Label-Maker, Labeler, for Organizing and Marking, for The Blind and Sighted - by Blind in Mind, The Braille Superstore

4.4(57)

$29.95

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mid-range
Reizen RL-350 Braille Labeler

Reizen RL-350 Braille Labeler

4.1(280)

$40.87

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premium
MAGNIFYING AIDS Braille Labeler - Braille Tape, Embosser, Writer - 1 Count - White - Round - LABEL - Writing Aid

MAGNIFYING AIDS Braille Labeler - Braille Tape, Embosser, Writer - 1 Count - White - Round - LABEL - Writing Aid

3.6(39)

$62.00

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Most have print letters on the dial as well, so a sighted helper can use one without knowing braille.

Clear vinyl labeling tape

situational · Labeling · Home Labeling add-on

The labeler embosses onto rolls of adhesive vinyl tape, and any roll that comes in the box runs out fast once you start on a kitchen.

budget
Reizen Clear Vinyl Labeling Tape -3 Rolls, .375 inch Wide,3/8" X 144"

Reizen Clear Vinyl Labeling Tape -3 Rolls, .375 inch Wide,3/8" X 144"

4.5(151)

$5.95

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mid-range
Clear Vinyl Label Tape- .50-in x144-in Single Roll

Clear Vinyl Label Tape- .50-in x144-in Single Roll

4.2(32)

$8.87

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premium
Blind in Mind 6 Rolls Clear Labeling Tape for Braille Superstore Labeler and Writing Slates - Teachers, Home, Learning, Labeling

Blind in Mind 6 Rolls Clear Labeling Tape for Braille Superstore Labeler and Writing Slates - Teachers, Home, Learning, Labeling

4.7(34)

$12.95

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Tape comes in two widths. Check which one your labeler takes before you order.

Clear adhesive braille labels for a slate

situational · Labeling · Home Labeling add-on

These load into a slate like paper. Punch the label, peel it, and stick it over print without hiding what is underneath.

budget
Blank Clear Braille Stickers – Write-Your-Own Transparent Tactile Dots for Visually Impaired & Blind – for Braille Slate and Stylus Only – Cuttable/Waterproof – 12 Strips (7.3" x 1")

Blank Clear Braille Stickers – Write-Your-Own Transparent Tactile Dots for Visually Impaired & Blind – for Braille Slate and Stylus Only – Cuttable/Waterproof – 12 Strips (7.3" x 1")

4.0(2)

$11.99

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mid-range
100 Handy Efficient Braille Container Labels, Already Cut to Size - The Braille Superstore and Blind in Mind

100 Handy Efficient Braille Container Labels, Already Cut to Size - The Braille Superstore and Blind in Mind

4.2(9)

$12.95

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Good for labels longer than a labeler dial is comfortable for, and for anything you want to punch in contracted braille.

Braille playing cards

situational · Games · Tactile Games add-on

Each card carries its rank and suit in braille in the corner, so any card game becomes reading practice with numbers and four letters.

budget
Braille Playing Cards- Brailled One Corner Only

Braille Playing Cards- Brailled One Corner Only

4.1(197)

$8.69

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mid-range
Braille Playing Cards for The Visually Impaired

Braille Playing Cards for The Visually Impaired

4.4(115)

$11.99

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premium
VSONE Braille Playing Cards, 54 Count Premium Plastic Poker Cards

VSONE Braille Playing Cards, 54 Count Premium Plastic Poker Cards

4.4(360)

$14.90

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The cards are standard printed cards too, so sighted and blind players use the same deck.